definitions

PFTS include multiple things spirometry lung volumes and DLCO

spirometry is only a PART of PFTS most of the time spirometry was all u needed for asthma but now some is RELEVANT... from lung volum es and DLCO

use GLI reference and use biological sesx rather than gender

further from number and more to Z scores -1.65 Z score from the mean is more what we want now... for sprio lung volumes and DLCO this change is happening very slowly

NB:

lung volumes

in a box, sealed, known volume ... isert lung volumes chart here the 6 pants in the beginning help us determine the FRC which then helps us find the RV

definitons for RV, VC, ERV, RV, etc

patterns of disease based on lung volumes:

DLCO

carbon monoxide used gas transfer from alveloi into caps anything that changes that barrier can do that

inretptetiona: mild: -1.65 to -2.5 molderate: -2.5 to -4 severe etc

low DLCO

• ILD
• ARDS
• COPD with emphysema
• fibrosis

high DLCO

• asthma
• pulmonary hemorrahge
• obesity

spirometry

really need to breath COMPLETELY out you get the FV loop

• volume over time graph etc

what's the peak point in the FV loop? near the y axis it';s the PEAK flow. need to make sure they reach peak flow (sharp vertx) otherwise test might not be great